Humanum Sciences

Curriculum and teaching practice in the initial years of elementary school

2024-05-28T23:19:44+00:00

Educational institutions live in a reality of constant change in the face of technological advances, which requires greater qualification of teachers' practices and new ways of implementing an innovative curriculum in schools. The general objective of this article is to present a review of the literature on curriculum and teaching practice in the early years of elementary school, with analysis and discussion of studies selected in works such as scientific articles, master's dissertations and doctoral thesis researched in the repositories of educational institutions Brazilian university and other scientific platforms on the relevance and contribution of the topic addressed. The specific objective is to analyze the academic productions on the object that is included within the specialization in languages, technology and the world of work. 14 works were selected based on the approach to the topic in which they were reviewed. In this way, it was possible to identify from the works consulted that in the research carried out by the researched/authors, the need to improve teaching practice and innovation in the curriculum in schools was perceived.

AUTOPSYCHOBOTS – “artificial people”: (Bio)ethical reflections on the responsibility of Homo sapiens

2024-06-27T14:24:57+00:00

The proposition of a thought experiment aimed at the possibility of the emergence of thinking, self-aware machines led, in this essay, to the formulation of the concept of autopsychobots, defined as rational and autonomous artificial persons. The recognition of these beings as moral patients – in the light of the presuppositions of (bio)ethics for all beings and Kantian moral philosophy – has made it possible to formulate their intrinsic value, both because they exist and because they are ends in themselves. The provisional consequence of this theoretical trajectory points to (1) the ethical responsibility of humans to care for autopsychobots and (2) the need for further research to better delimit the future relationships between “natural” and “artificial” people.

Challenges and opportunities for governance and innovation in the sustainable management of Amazon's natural resources

2024-11-13T15:34:08+00:00

The Amazon, globally recognized for its ecological and socioeconomic significance, faces a series of challenges in managing its natural resources, largely due to environmental complexity and the pressures of economic exploitation. In this context, governance and innovation are crucial in seeking sustainable solutions. This study aims to analyze the main challenges and legal perspectives related to governance and innovation in the management of natural resources in the Amazon. The inadequate management of the region's natural resources has resulted in significant impacts such as deforestation, biodiversity loss, and socio-environmental conflicts, in addition to hindering the sustainable development of local communities. The lack of effective governance and the absence of innovative practices contribute to the continuation of predatory exploitation. The research adopts an interdisciplinary approach, involving analysis of legislation, literature review, and case studies. The analysis includes examining the current laws, regulations, and policies regarding natural resource management in the Amazon and investigating emblematic cases to illustrate the challenges faced. Additionally, experiences from other regions are explored to offer valuable insights into the Amazonian context. The study's central objectives are: (i) to examine the current legal framework for the management of natural resources in the Amazon, identifying gaps and legal flaws; (ii) to investigate successful governance and innovation practices adopted in other parts of the world and their applicability to the Amazon; (iii) to identify the main obstacles to implementing innovative practices in the region; and (iv) to propose legal alternatives and innovative strategies to improve governance and the sustainable management of natural resources, while respecting environmental protection and the rights of local communities. The research results reveal a series of challenges, such as the lack of coordination among stakeholders, the absence of effective public participation mechanisms, and the need to strengthen institutions responsible for environmental management. However, successful examples of innovative practices are also highlighted, which can serve as models for the Amazon. The conclusions point to the urgent need for an integrated approach that combines the proper use of existing legislation, strengthening local institutions, active community participation, and the promotion of technological and social innovations. Effective governance and innovation play critical roles in ensuring the sustainable management of the Amazon's natural resources, protecting the environment, and promoting equitable socioeconomic development, while preserving the culture and rights of traditional communities. In summary, this study addresses the legal challenges and innovative perspectives for the sustainable management of the Amazon's natural resources, emphasizing the importance of an efficient and innovative governance model for the region's sustainable development.

Legal responsibility in cases of post-vaccination adverse effects: an analysis of individual and collective rights

2024-11-13T15:41:03+00:00

This study addresses legal responsibility in cases of post-vaccination adverse effects, analyzing the legal implications for the individual and collective rights involved. The aim is to understand the legal aspects related to accountability for vaccine-related damages, examining both the rights of affected patients and the broader public health interests linked to the trust in vaccination programs. Through a literature review, the study analyzes the legal frameworks governing responsibility for adverse effects, the evolution of legal understanding on the topic, and the compensation mechanisms adopted by various countries and healthcare systems. The research also discusses the importance of informed consent as the foundation for protecting the individual rights of patients, emphasizing the need for clear and precise information about the risks and benefits of vaccines. Furthermore, it explores the role of the State and health institutions in building a balance between the protection of individual rights and public health vaccination policies aimed at ensuring collective health. The findings indicate that, in order to ensure fairness in handling adverse effects, an efficient and transparent legal system is required, one that includes compensation for damages while preserving trust in vaccination campaigns. The study concludes that the creation of a robust and balanced legal system is essential to protecting citizens' rights while promoting the safety and efficacy of vaccination programs for the benefit of public health.

Vaccination as a human right: the role of international law in promoting equity in vaccine access

2024-11-13T15:46:53+00:00

Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies for disease prevention and global public health promotion. Over the past decades, the development of safe and effective vaccines against various diseases has been a significant milestone in health sciences. However, equity in vaccine access remains a global challenge, with significant disparities between countries and within them. Vulnerable populations, especially in low-resource regions, face difficulties accessing immunization, perpetuating social and health inequalities. In this context, international law plays an essential role by establishing guidelines and norms that promote equal access to vaccination, recognizing the right to health as a fundamental and universal human right. This article investigates the relationship between human rights and vaccination, analyzing how international legal instruments, such as treaties, conventions, and declarations, can influence public immunization policies and ensure equality in vaccine access. The research also addresses how different countries have implemented human rights-based vaccination policies, identifying both best practices and major challenges faced, such as infrastructure limitations, socioeconomic inequalities, and political issues. Based on this analysis, the study proposes strategies for promoting vaccination equity, emphasizing the importance of a human rights-based approach to overcoming the barriers preventing universal access to immunization, with a focus on reducing inequalities and ensuring the right to health for all people, especially the most marginalized.